[1] Numerous application examples of the TOE framework have been summarized by Olivera and Martins (2011).
[2] As Awa, Ojiabo & Orokor (2017) reiterated,[3] the TOE framework is for organizational level analysis.
The framework focuses on higher level attributes (i.e. the technological, organizational, and environmental contexts) instead of detailed behaviors of individuals in the organization.
Li (2020) has demonstrated a rough equivalence of behavioral models and TOE framework when individual perception has been taken into account.
[5] According to Zhu and Kraemer (2005),[6] the reason for the lack of development is that the TOE framework is "too generic" and offers a high degree of freedom to vary factors and measures so there is little need to change the theory itself.