Domestically, all provincial exchanges are digitalized and connected to Hanoi, Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City by fiber optic cable or microwave radio relay networks.
Following the creation of a separate regulatory entity, market segments were opened to competition, starting with mobile services in 1995.
At the beginning of 2013, S-Fone and Beeline services are temporarily shut down due to hard competitions with other mobile operators.
Earlier in 2010, SK Telecom decided to pull out of the Vietnam mobile market when stopping cooperation with SPT - Saigon Postel Corp. in S-Fone.
The government-controlled national TV provider, Vietnam Television, operates a network of 9 channels with several regional broadcasting centers.