The TCI is based on a psychobiological model that attempts to explain the underlying causes of individual differences in personality traits.
[5] Originally developed in English, TCI has been translated to other languages, e.g., Swedish,[6] Japanese, Dutch, German, Polish, Korean,[7] Finnish, Chinese and French.
[14] Many studies have used TCI for examining whether genetic variants in individual genes have an association with personality traits.
He has also argued that the temperament dimensions are associated with subjective well-being and to some extent with physical health.
Cooperativeness was associated most strongly with perceived social support and only weakly with the other well-being measures.