Also note that inline use of these templates, i.e. use of {{harv}} without ... tags around it, was deprecated in September 2020.
{{{1}}} generates an "author-date" style short-cite from the following parameters: with Typical usage is shown in the example below.
Template {{{1}}} is placed inside ... tags to create shortened footnotes.
[1] The optional parameter |postscript= or |ps= can be used to change the text which appears at the end of the note in the reference list.
The postscript is only effective the first time {{sfn}} is used for a particular author, year and location.
The templates {{harvnb}} or {{harvtxt}} can be used to add quotes or additional comments into the footnote.
"[1] Nota bene: In the past, the use of |ps= has been advised to hold this additional information, but it is not suitable for this purpose.
A workaround is to convert one or some of the {{sfn}} templates to {{harvnb}} wrapped in ... tags.
Templates like {{sfn}} can't be directly imbedded between ... tags, because the following message will be produced: Cite error references missing group.
The templates {{efn}} and {{notelist}} can be used to create separate explanatory footnotes from short citations, as shown in the first example.
It is also possible to use the magic word {{#tag:ref|...}} and the {{sfn}} template will work correctly inside the footnote, as shown in the second example.
For example some family trees are contained in templates, they are transluded into several biographies, and they have their own self contained citations (see Template:Houston family tree and the article Margaret Lea Houston).
To facilitate this, while the main page uses the standard 1,2,3 footnote counting, it is common for family trees to use the efn template with a group parameter set—for example {{efn-lg}} (lower-greek).
Ipso facto[2] Where there is a need to cite more than one work by the same author published in the same year, the standard way to disambiguate such works is to add a letter suffix after the year element of the {{sfn}} template (e.g. {{sfn|Smith|2006a}} and {{sfn|Smith|2006b}}).
Make sure to add the disambiguation letter to the matching full citation, (e.g. {{cite book|...|last=Smith|date=2006b}}).
[2] The above solution to add a letter suffix after the year element also works for multiple authors with the same last name.
[1] Some sources do not have a single author with a last name, such as a magazine article or a report from a government institution.
These two examples show a year being successfully extracted from full date.
[1] In a few very rare cases, it may be impossible for the citation templates to create an anchor.
It is always possible to simply remove {{harv}} or {{sfn}}, leaving plain text without links.
Editors editing one of these templates are requested to make parallel changes to the other versions.
Template {{harvnb}} inside a span can be used to create a shortened footnote that is linked to the full citation at the bottom of the article.
Template {{harvtxt}} can be used to link an in-text attribution to the full citation at the bottom of the page.
Template {{harv}} creates a parenthetical reference with a link to the full citation.
Use of inline parenthetical referencing within the body text of articles has been deprecated by the Wikipedia community since 2022.
({{citeref}} is a wrapper for {{harvid}} making it easier to consistently create such internal links in small superscript[n] or plain-text label styles.)
Templates {{harvcol}}, {{harvcolnb}}, and {{harvcoltxt}} use a colon to indicate the page number(s) or location.
A custom ID must follow these rules: Examples: Where cite_name is a name such as the publisher.
To avoid the sometimes difficult to remember syntax for links to CITEREF anchors, {{citeref}} can be used to create internal wikilinks with either small superscript-style labels (like this[n]) or plain free-text labels to such anchors.
Note that the CITEREF prefix is necessary for the reference tooltips gadget (MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js) to detect that a link goes to a citation.