Tephromela lignicola is a species of lignicolous (wood-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Tephromelataceae.

The type specimen was collected by the second author from Weddell Island, where it was found growing on a fencepost.

Other lichens associated with Tephromela lignicola include Blastenia circumpolaris, Buellia punctata, Cliostomum griffithii, Lecanora expallens, and Xylographa vitiligo.

Its tiny soralia emerge from the surface, initially following the grain of the wood, but eventually forming a more or less continuous crust.

[2] Skyttea violacea is a lichenicolous fungus that has been noted to parasitise Tephromela lignicola.