[2][3] Teplizumab was developed at the University of Chicago in partnership with Ortho Pharmaceuticals, and was then further developed at MacroGenics, Inc.,[12][13] including a collaboration with Eli Lilly to conduct the first phase III clinical trial in early-onset type 1 diabetes.

[14] After the initial Phase 3 trial conducted by Macrogenics failed to meet the primary endpoint,[15] the drug was acquired by Provention Bio, which restarted development based on subset analysis of the original trials.

[16][17] Teplizumab has been used in clinical trials with the aim of protecting the remaining β-cells in people newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.

[19] Teplizumab has been evaluated for treatment of renal allograft rejection, for induction therapy in islet transplant recipients, and for psoriatic arthritis.

[21] A systematic review and meta-analysis, published in 2024, found that use of teplizumab is associated with better preservation of circulating C-peptide levels.