The English common law system follows the doctrine of privity: there is no recognition of the principle ius quaesitum tertio (a right in the third party to enforce performance) whereby a third party may enforce a promise due unto it under a contract to which it is not a party.
[2] In England itself, as well as Wales and Northern Ireland, the doctrine of privity was reformed by statute in 1999 to enable third parties to enforce contract terms made for their benefit.
In Scots law, the jus quaesitum tertio principle was abolished by the Contract (Third Party Rights) (Scotland) Act 2017 and replaced with a statutory right to enforce or invoke provisions of a contract.
[3] Rights, particularly in property, that ordinarily do accrue to a third party are termed jus tertii.
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