Due to the absence of formalized heraldry laws and lineage in early Poland, nobility of a person was tested in a regular court.
[2] The confirmation of nobility was based on calling for a certain number of witnesses.
[4] The latter demanded two witnesses each from the maternal and paternal side.
The penalty for perjury was being stripped of one's own szlachta status, by the Constitution of 1601.
[7] The justice was highly prone to miscarriage, in particular, to abusive ennoblement[8] Therefore, this procedure was gradually restricted in various ways.