The National Olympic Committee of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King was created in 1948 and recognized in 1950.

Thailand won its first medal at the 1976 Games in Montreal, when boxer Payao Poontarat took home a bronze in the Men's Light Flyweight category.

Thailand's first gold medal would also come in boxing at the 1996 Games in Atlanta, when Somluck Kamsing won the Men's Featherweight category.

The country's most recent gold medalist is Panipak Wongpattanakit, who earned her medal in the women's 49kg event in taekwondo.

As of 2024, Thai athletes have won a total of 41 medals; 17 in weightlifting, 16 in boxing, 7 in taekwondo, and 1 in badminton.