The foundation stone for the medical college building was laid in 1958 by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the then-president of India.

The land was gifted earlier by Yagappa Nadar h/o Arulanda Ammal family through the Rotary Club of Thanjavur.

The deposit money for the college was arranged from the Tanjore District Board Railway Cess Fund.

In the year 2006-07, about 5864 major and 3747 minor surgeries took place in Thanjavur Medical College.

A new hospital complex at Thanjavur Medical College campus started functioning from the first week of June 2010.

Hospital sources said that super-specialty departments to be shifted to the new buildings are Neuro Surgery, Neurology, Urology, Nephrology, Medical Gastroenterology, Surgical Gastroenterology, Thoracic Medicine, Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ENT), Cardiology, Cardio Thoracic Medicine, casualty block, laboratories and all outpatient wards.

TMC has vast expanses of land that was recently cleared of all the sludge and made green by a drive of the corporation.