Geologically in the Thanon Thong Chai Range, as in the other southern subranges of the Shan Hills, layers of alluvium are superimposed on hard rock.

There are also some geographers who include the Thanon Thong Chai as a subrange of the Daen Lao Range.

[5] Certain hill tribe communities live in the range, like the Hmong and the Karen whose tribal villages dot the mountainsides.

Since a great proportion of the original forest cover has disappeared, denuded patches of grassland and mixed bushy vegetation are common.

Some projects for the restoration of forest cover have been undertaken in ecologically degraded areas.