It housed the Orleans Artillery up until the American Civil War, when it was used by Confederate troops to store supplies.
During Reconstruction, the building was turned over to the state and was used to house the New Orleans Metropolitan Police, giving it an important role in the Battle of Liberty Place in 1874.
The White League prevailed at first, occupying the Cabildo and Arsenal for three days — until President Ulysses S. Grant sent in Federal troops to restore order.
In 1914, the Arsenal was transferred to the Louisiana State Museum to exhibit military objects.
Even though the structure once served as an arsenal or armory, there is generally nothing on display inside which is related to this history.