The Decline of the Carthaginian Empire is an 1817 history painting by the British artist William Turner.

Turner intended to draw comparisons with Britain's recent defeat of its own major rival the French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars.

[2] Stylistically it is inspired by the work of the seventeenth century artist Claude Lorrain.

One review considered it "excelling in the higher qualities of art, mind and poetical conception, even Claude himself.

"[3] Today it is the collection of the Tate Britain in Pimlico having been part of the Turner Bequest in 1856.