After the celebration in September 1882 of the 2nd Congress of the Federation of Workers of the Spanish Region (FTRE) in Seville, the illegalists and anarcho-communists, contrary to the official anarcho-collectivist line which defended of legal and public action, were expelled.

In their press organ The Social Revolution they would denounce three years later that the Federal Commission had concealed the agreement of the London Congress of 1881 favorable to "propaganda of the deed", and had led the FTRE "as if by the charm of the revolutionary terrain to legalism".

[2] It was in the Seville Congress that they consolidated how they organized, starting from then on their expansion, as told by The Social Revolution in its April 1885 issue, in which reference was also made to the affair of the Black Hand harshly criticizing the position adopted by the FTRE Federal Commission, accusing it of being an accomplice of the bourgeoisie, thus reflecting the rupture that had occurred within the Spanish anarchism:[3] As a consequence of the right spirit of that congress, the organization was developing in an extraordinary way, despite the bad means put into play by the federal commission appointed in the Seville public congress; the one to represent the comedy of the Black Hand in Andalusia, chose in it a characteristic role, that of "Slanderer".

It found the occasion (in union with the bourgeoisie) of "knowingly" confusing the workers who were in agreement with its procedures, with certain individual facts that occurred between organized workers belonging to the Spanish Regional Federation; to those who, after having flattered them repeatedly in their acts of ignorance, and eating the pennies that those wretches sent them, had no problem slandering them and betraying them to the bourgeoisie, in the terrible days of revenge.Its scope of action was the provinces of Malaga, Cádiz and Seville - more specifically the quadrilateral of the Baja Andalucía formed by Seville, Malaga, Algeciras and San Lúcar de Barrameda - although they claimed to have associates in three Valencian and three Catalan towns (Gràcia, Sant Martí de Provençals and Sabadell).

They were suspicious of the reformist and legalistic tactics of the Federal Commission, in addition to vindicating the positions of the anarchist Congress of London of 1881 favorable to violence and clandestine struggle.