The ninth and tenth chapter discuss illegal immigrants, family reunification, and refugees.

The eleventh chapter argues for open borders, and challenges the presumption of discretionary control over migration, while still staying within the framework of legitimacy of nation-states.

[2] Carens largely marginalises differences between citizens and legal residents, emphasising that lowering naturalisation requirements should be pursued, since they do not raise the necessary skills to do so.

[4] Despite the contradictions, he acknowledges these discrepancies by claims that the state should adhere to allowing and defending irregular migrant rights, whilst simultaneously saying the state should simultaneously reduce illegal entry, labour and immigration; His reply to this is that the state should not ensure migrant rights entirely on a moral basis, although mainly on the moral obligation to preserve human rights at large, as per the functions of a democratic society.

[8] In late May 2014, the Crooked Timber blog hosted a symposium on the book, with contributions from Chris Bertram,[2] Kenan Malik,[9] Ryan Pevnick,[10] Phillip Cole,[11] Speranta Dumitru,[12] Sarah Fine,[13] Jo Shaw,[14] Brian Weatherson,[15] and others.