The History of the Jews in Egypt and Syria under Mamluk Rule is the name of a series of books by Eliyahu Ashtor, an orientalist and scholar of the Levant in the Middle Ages.

[1] The first volume of the book was a rewrite of Ashtor's doctoral dissertation, which he submitted to the senate of the Hebrew University in 1943.

The sources included information he collected from the Arabic historiographies of that period, both printed and manuscript, which were available at the Imperial Library in Vienna.

With the prize money he was able to reduce some of his work at the National Library and devote more time to researching the period covered in the book, as well as order reproductions of Arabic manuscripts from Istanbul and Oxford.

[citation needed] Ashtor almost completely skipped describing the Jewish communities in the Land of Israel during this period, despite it also being ruled by the Mamluks at that time, because he felt that "the history of the Jews in the Land of Israel requires special and superior investigation into every detail because of the unique role of the country in Jewish history.