The Natural History of Aleppo is a 1756 book by naturalist Alexander Russell on the natural history of Aleppo.

In 1794 his half-brother, Patrick Russell, revised and expanded the text in a second edition.

The book is significant for its quality, the contemporary interest it attracted, and for being a product of the Scottish Enlightenment.

[1] When the book was published it was immediately an important European record and perspective on the state of contemporary science in Syria.

[2] The book contains the earliest known description of the Syrian hamster.