It is also a teaching hospital, which means patients may be treated by a variety of dental professionals, students, specialists in training, or other qualified staff.

In 1907 the hospital moved to the newly built Australian College of Dentistry building at 193 Spring Street.

During the First World War, dental students at the Hospital gave up their lectures and worked 12-hour days to complete 5,000 fillings and 8,000 extractions, readying recruits for military service and giving free treatment to returned soldiers.

At the end of the Second World War the Hospital obtained ex-RAAF huts which it erected behind the Spring Street building and used as a prosthetics department.

It is now home to the Melbourne Dental School, the Henry Forman Atkinson Dental Museum,[5][6] the RMIT University Department of Health and Biosciences, and the Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science.