[6] For T. frezzii, these sori are produced on the peanut seeds and are composed of 1 to 10 tightly bound spores.

[7][2] They have thick walls allowing the fungus to survive in the soil and crop residue until germination.

[7] Teliospores germinate in response to the plant root exudates, therefore infection occurs once the peanut peg enters the soil.

[4] Teliospores disperse most commonly via wind or machinery when peanuts are harvested and remain dormant until germination is triggered.

[2] Germination of the basidiospores leads to the formation of a dikaryotic mycelium, which is the infection structure of Thecaphora frezzii.

[8] It uses effectors to suppress the host's immune responses to insure successful penetration and infection.

[2] Prevalence of the fungus is higher in soils in which crop rotation is rare and peanut farming has been the only usage for an extended period.