He was the son and successor of Frederick III and Margaret, daughter of King Theobald I of Navarre of the Royal House of Blois.

In 1298, he took part in the Battle of Göllheim, near Speyer, in which the king of Germany, Adolph, was killed fighting his rival, Albert of Habsburg.

In 1302, Theobald and his son, Frederick,[2] were supporting Philip IV of France, at the Battle of the Golden Spurs at Kortrijk, where the Flemings defeated the French chivalry under Robert II of Artois.

[3] He, along with John II, Duke of Brabant, and Amadeus V, Count of Savoy, were sent to negotiate peace with Flanders.

A contract for the marriage of Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine and Isabel de Rumigny was signed in April 1270.