Theodor Rudoff Rocholl (1854–1933) was a German military painter and war artist.

After a year, he moved to Munich where he studied historical painting under Karl von Piloty.

Later in the decade, he was attached to the Turkish Army and covered the conflict in Thessalia in 1897 between the Turks and the Greeks; his sketches of the fighting were published the following year.

One of his most famous pictures depicted King William at the Battle of Sedan, meeting his triumphant soldiers after the victory.

Rocholl also painted a large mural for the Evangelischen Padagogiums in Bad Godesberg.