[1][3] Chuang began his legal career as a law clerk for Judge Dorothy Wright Nelson of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, from 1994 to 1995.

From 1995 to 1998, he served as a trial attorney in the Civil Rights Division of the United States Department of Justice.

[1] He served as counsel at the law firm of Wilmer, Cutler, Pickering, Hale and Dorr LLP in Washington, D.C. from 2004 to 2007.

[1] From 2009 until his confirmation as a federal judge in 2014, he served as deputy general counsel of the United States Department of Homeland Security.

[1][4][3] In 2024, Chuang was elected to serve a six-year term on Harvard's Board of Overseers, a governing body that ensures "the University remains true to its charter as a place of learning.