Theodore Payne Thurston (June 30, 1867 – January 28, 1941) was the second missionary bishop of Oklahoma in the Episcopal Church between 1919 and 1926.

A son of Benjamin Eaton Thurston and Mary Ann Siddall, Theodore was born in Delavan, Illinois, on June 30, 1867.

He also studied at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1891 and awarded a Doctor of Divinity in 1911.

He retained the post until his resignation on October 15, 1926, due to an increasing poor health.

On June 8, 1920, he married Daisy Dean Carroll in St Paul's Cathedral.