Theodore Englar Woodward[1] (March 22, 1914 – July 11, 2005) was an American medical researcher at the University of Maryland, Baltimore.

In 1948, he received a Nobel Prize nomination for his role in finding cures for typhus and typhoid fever.

Woodward entered the service of the United States Army in January 1941, just prior to the outbreak of World War II.

Woodward authored the history of the U.S. Armed Forces Epidemiological Board and Commissions, which fostered the development of many advances in military medicine, with lasting benefits for civilian public health and disease prevention.

Woodward is credited having the "best claim" to coining, in the late 1940s, the medical zebra aphorism (following the principle of Occam's razor) paraphrased variously as: and