Thermal bag

A thermal bag to keep pizzas being delivered hot was invented by Ingrid Kosar in 1983, and is commonly used now.

Thermal pharmaceutical bags are designed to transport temperature-sensitive medications, protecting them from damaging temperatures, shocks, and light.

Many vaccines are delicate biological substances that can lose part or all of their effectiveness if they are frozen, allowed to get too hot, or exposed to bright light.

According to the World Health Organization, at least 7% of temperature-sensitive medical products suffer significant degradation in potency in transit.

[citation needed] Thermal bags are usually manufactured with varying quantities of the following materials: