[1] Symbolically, the conference held in Bandung, Indonesia, in 1955[3] is seen as the birthplace of TWAIL, as it was the first attempt by African and Asian states to create a coalition to address the issues specific to the Third World.
[21][22][23] TWAIL reevaluates the power relationships of the current world order to eradicate the racial hierarchy and oppression present in international law.
TWAI: scholars underline that international law was created during the colonial era and that it was used to legitimize the global processes of marginalization and domination of the colonized people by Western powers.
TWAIL scholars reject the idea that after the end of World War II international law has moved on from its imperialistic origins.
David P. Fidler,[39] Jose Alvarez and Naz K. Modirzadeh[40] criticize TWAIL for offering no positive agenda for action or reform in international law and relations.
Alvarez uses the example of the genocide in Sudan and TWAIL scholars' refusal to subscribe to the lobbying of the Security Council to take the desired action in the case.
"[44] In a recent 2020 study, the TWAIL movement was criticised in relation to it justifying Civilizational Colonialism in the sensitive areas of High Asia (a metaphoric categorisation) in which many areas were included like Kashmir, Hazara, Nuristan, Laghman, Azad Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh, Gilgit Baltistan, Chitral, Western Tibet, Western Xinjiang, Badakhshan, Gorno Badakhshan, Fergana, Osh and Turkistan Region.
The work highlights the role of United States, China, Russia, UK, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Iran and other players involved in The New Great Game over who will dominate High Asia.