Third stream
The second album combined jazz and classical musicians with compositions by Schuller, Giuffre, George Russell, Charles Mingus, Harold Shapero, and Milton Babbitt.
[14] Composers who were influenced by Schuller's comments include Don Ellis, Eddie Sauter, William Russo, Andre Hodeir, Lalo Schifrin, Teo Macero, Gary McFarland, and Friedrich Gulda.
[14] Others influenced by Third Stream include Robert Prince, Ron Carter, Eddie Daniels, William Kanengiser, Jacques Loussier, Modern Jazz Quartet, James Newton, Ralph Towner, Turtle Island Quartet, Mary Lou Williams,[15] Brad Mehldau,[16] and Eberhard Weber and several other ECM Records artists; in Italy, among others, Bruno Tommaso, Gianluigi Trovesi, Andrea Pellegrini, Giorgio Gaslini.
Works that fall under the heading of third stream include Sketches of Spain by Miles Davis, The Gary McFarland Orchestra by Gary McFarland, Focus, a suite for saxophone and strings by Eddie Sauter; Transformation by Schuller, An Image of Man by William Russo, Reimagining Opera by Dario Savino Doronzo | Pietro Gallo, Piece for Clarinet and String Orchestra by Giuffre, Poem for Brass by J.J. Johnson, All About Rosie by George Russell, Seven Songs for Quartet and Chamber Orchestra by Gary Burton, Symbiosis by Claus Ogerman, and Arbour Zena by Keith Jarrett.
[14] The piece Rhapsody in Blue composed by George Gershwin played an important role during the rise of third stream music.
More dramatic attempts to bridge jazz and classical were made by Charlie Parker in 1949 and in the 1950s by J. J. Johnson, John Lewis, and William Russo.
French composer Darius Milhaud used jazz-inspired elements, including a jazz fugue, in La création du monde.
Igor Stravinsky drew from jazz for Ragtime, Piano-Rag-Music, and the Ebony Concerto composed for clarinetist Woody Herman and his orchestra in 1945.
Other composers who used jazz include George Antheil, Leonard Bernstein, Aaron Copland, Morton Gould, Paul Hindemith, Ernst Krenek, Bohuslav Martinů, Maurice Ravel, Dmitri Shostakovich, William Grant Still, and Kurt Weill.
Critics praised "Garden of Weed" "Serenade for a Wealthy Widow" and the Bach-influenced "Dodging a Divorcee", but the British public was baffled.
Foresythe's music found a warmer reception in America, resulting in collaborations with Ellington, Benny Goodman, and Earl Hines.
Although not third stream in conception, pianist Art Tatum drew on classical technique and recorded jazz versions of short pieces by European composers Antonín Dvořák, Jules Massenet, and Anton Rubinstein.
Nikolai Kapustin writes fully notated music in a jazz idiom that fuses the Russian piano tradition with the virtuosic styles of Art Tatum and Oscar Peterson.
