Thomas C. Browne (c. 1792 – November 4, 1862) was an American jurist and politician from Kentucky and Illinois.

He was elected to the Legislature of the Illinois Territory in 1814 as a representative of Gallatin County, and again in 1816 as a member of the Legislative Council.

Browne was appointed to the Illinois Supreme Court in 1818, and re-appointed on January 19, 1825.

In 1841 Browne was assigned to the 6th Judicial Circuit of the newly expanded Court.

Browne lost his seat in 1848, when a new Illinois Constitution reduced the justices from nine to three.