Doll began playing football for the youth teams of local side BSG Lokomotiv Malchin.

Doll then joined BFC Dynamo in order to ensure a chance to play for the national team.

He played at Lazio for three years, before returning to the Bundesliga in 1994, joining Eintracht Frankfurt, but he was hampered by injuries in the three seasons he spent with the club and made only 28 appearances.

The team delivered a disappointing performance in the Champions League that saw only one win in six first-round games, and then plunged to the bottom of the Bundesliga table by mid-season.

[9] On 20 July 2011, he was appointed as head coach of Saudi Arabian champion team, Al-Hilal but was sacked on 22 January 2012.

[11] Doll's Ferencváros secured the club's 29th Nemzeti Bajnokság I title on 2 April 2016 after a defeat at the Nagyerdei Stadion against Debreceni VSC.

[12] In recognition of his record performance with Ferencváros, Doll received the "Coach of the year in NB I" award from the Hungarian Football Federation in 2016.

[13] Ferencváros were eliminated in the second round of the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League by the second-placed team of the 2015-16 Albanian Superliga, FK Partizani Tirana, on penalties.

They placed fourth in the 2016–17 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season - the title was won by their rivals Budapest Honvéd FC.

The 2017–18 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season started with moderate success, but aspirations in international cups were once again thwarted when Ferencváros lost to FC Midtjylland in the second round of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League.

[20] In late January 2023, tension arose between Doll and Shin Tae-yong, the Indonesia national football team head coach.

[21] Additionally, Doll criticized Shin during a press conference, likening him to a clown for his involvement in television advertisements.