Thomas Jefferson Foster (July 11, 1809 – February 24, 1887) was a soldier and prominent politician serving the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.

At the age of 24, Foster married Virginia Watkins, daughter of a wealthy plantation owner in Lawrence County, Alabama.

The couple moved to Courtland, Alabama, where Foster amassed a fortune from his own successful farming endeavors.

With his state's secession, Foster raised the 27th Alabama, an infantry regiment in the Confederate army, and served as its first colonel.

In 1865, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives, but as a result of the policies of the Radical Republicans and Reconstruction, former Confederates such as Foster were denied their congressional seats.