[4] These formed a small and tight-knit group of professionals; during the Jacobite rising of 1689, Livingstone, his commander Hugh Mackay, and opponents Alexander Cannon, Thomas Buchan and Viscount Dundee, had all served together in the Scots Brigade.

[3] Livingstone, his father and brother Alexander were officers in Balfour's, one of three Scottish regiments in the Brigade; when the elder Thomas died in 1673, he inherited his commission and baronetcy.

Although the nature of the action was widely condemned, there was limited sympathy for the Glencoe MacDonalds; in a letter to Lord Hamilton, Livingstone commented; 'It's not that anyone thinks the thieving tribe did not deserve to be destroyed, but that it should have been done by those quartered amongst them makes a great noise.

[10] Livingstone remained in Scotland for most of the 1688-1697 Nine Years' War; in 1691, a group of Jacobite prisoners on Bass Rock overpowered their guards and were only subdued in 1694, while a Scottish rising was part of the proposed invasion of England in 1692.

[12] While automatically promoted Lieutenant-General in 1703, this marked the end of his active service; he played no part in the War of the Spanish Succession, selling his colonelcy to Lord John Hay in 1704.

[3] The sale may have been to pay alimony to his estranged wife; although he had purchased lands in East Lothian, these were also sold, and Livingstone spent most of his retirement in Wimbledon, then a suburb of London.