Thompson Campbell (c. 1811 – December 6, 1868) was an American businessman and lawyer who served one term as a U.S. Representative from Illinois from 1851 to 1853.

Born in Ireland, Campbell immigrated to the United States with his parents, who settled in Chester County, Pennsylvania.

He was a delegate at the 1852 Democratic National Convention and was appointed United States land commissioner for California by President Pierce in 1853 and served until he resigned in 1855.

At the 1860 Democratic National Convention, he served as a delegate in Charleston, North Carolina and became an elector at large on the Breckinridge ticket.

During the Civil War, he served in the California State Assembly as a member of the Union Party and was a delegate to the 1864 Republican National Convention.