[1] He is an early theorist of cosmopolitanism and an oppositional voice within postcolonial studies who has challenged the prevailing trends of postmodernism and poststructuralist theory.
[2] He has also carried on, while adapting, the intellectual leads of Edward Said, including the radical force of humanism, the poetic sociology of thinkers like Ibn Khaldun, Cola di Rienzo, and Giambattista Vico, and the generative role of Marxism in anti-colonial thought and practice.
[5] Between his undergraduate and graduate studies, he lived on New York's Lower East Side working with political prisoner support groups, immigrant communities in the Bronx, and covering the last great miners’ strike in the late 1970s in West Virginia as a freelance reporter.
[6][7] In several books over the next two decades – especially, At Home in the World (1997)[8] and Wars of Position (2006)[9][10] – his career was defined by two main themes: an account of the saturation of popular culture, art, and elite discussion by imperial attitudes honed in a Cold War common sense; and the abdication of academic intellectuals, and the rise of political right, as a result of the former's dismissal of the state, its rejection of organizing, and its distrust of agency.
This depoliticization, he argued in Borrowed Light (2014), is of a piece with a prevailing posthumanism: "to attack the maverick secularity of humanism – where critical thought is primarily found – is not to push back against conservative European legacies (as it is widely seen) but to align oneself with humanism's traditional antagonists: religious absolutism, Church censorship, and reactionary modernism.