At first, Ghulam Mohammed used his own money to purchase a land in the central area of Calcutta and Built this mosque in 1842, in memory of his father Tipu Sultan.

In early 80's Tipu Sultan Masjid was damaged due to constructions works of Kolkata Metro Railway in the Esplanade area.

Afterwards, the Mosque was restored with the joint effort of Tipu Sultan Shahi Masjid Protection & Welfare Committee and the Metro Railway.

The Tipu Sultan Shahi Masjid Protection & Welfare Committee was founded in the late 1980s by Seraj Mubarki, Mohammad Sharfuddin, to inform people about the damage caused to the mosque by the Metro railway.

The Tipu Sultan Shahi Masjid Protection & Welfare Committee, under the guidance of Janab Sami Mubaraki, the incumbent chairman, continues to play an active role in the daily affairs of the mosque.

The mosque's Imam Noor ur Rahmaan Barkati was implicated by the police in May 2017 after he refused to remove illegal red beacon from his vehicle.