They fought several battles with the Delhi rulers to maintain their independence, and paid tribute to Bahlul Lodi to avoid war.

They were displaced from Gwalior by Ibrahim Lodi in the first quarter of the 16th century, although their descendants continued to hold fiefs at other places.

A later manuscript contains several omissions from and additions to the original text, and covers the history of Gwalior down to its conquest by the Maratha general Mahadaji Scindia.

Chishti's genealogy of the Gwalior rulers is contradicted by other sources, including Gopachala-Akhyana, the Muslim chronicles, and the Tomara inscriptions.

A later manuscript contains several additions to the original work, and covers the history of Gwalior down to its conquest by the British General Popham.

[5] The 1631 Rohtas Fort inscription states that the Tomaras belonged to the lunar race (Somavaṃśa), and traces their ancestry to the legendary king Pandu.

Like the Rohtas inscription, Khadagrai's Gopachala-Akhyana traces the ancestry of the Tomaras to the lunar deity Chandra.

[6] Virasimhavaloka, which was composed during Virasimha's reign, names his father as Devabrahma (or "Devavarmma" in one manuscript), and his grandfather as Kamalasimha.

[11] According to the Gwalior chroniclers Khadagrai and Syed Fazl Ali, after this defeat, Virasimha was made a watchman at the Tughluq royal palace in Delhi.

This impressed the Tughlaq Sultan Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah (r. 1394), who gave him the fort of Gwalior as an inam (feudal grant),[10] sometime during January-March 1394.

[15] The Muslim chroniclers Yahya, Nizamuddin and Firishta state that Virasimha seized Gwalior treacherously amid the confusion caused by Timur's 1398 invasion of Delhi.

However, Sant Lal Katare notes that several sources omit Uddharana's name from the list of Tomara rulers, which suggests that he ruled for a shorter period.

[16] According to some Muslim chronicles, a chief named "Adharan" was killed in 1392-93, by the Delhi general Muqarrab-ul-Malik, for rebelling against the Sultanate.

[20] At the time of his ascension, Mallu Iqbal Khan, the minister of Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq, decided to revive the Delhi Sultanate's prestige by subjugating the chiefs who had declared independence.

However, historian Kishori Saran Lal believes this to be inaccurate, as historical evidence suggests that the fort remained under Tomara rule in the later years.

While this initiative was not a royal project, Raidhu states that Dungarasimha and Kirtisimha offered their full support to Kamalasimha.

The Gwalior ruler not only provided men and money to Hussain Shah, but also escorted him to Kalpi during his march to Delhi.

[29] The newly crowned Manasimha (better known as Man Singh Tomar in Muslim chronicles and vernacular literature) was not prepared for an invasion from Delhi, and decided to avoid a war by paying Bahlul Lodi a tribute of 800,000 tankas (coins).

The Sultan, wanting to punish Manasimha, and to expand his territory, launched a punitive expedition against Gwalior.

Historian Kishori Saran Lal theorizes that Vinayaka Deva hadn't lost Dholpur at all: this narrative was created by the Delhi chroniclers to flatter the Sultan.

[31] He ransacked the area around Mandrayal, but many of his soldiers lost their lives in a subsequent epidemic outbreak, forcing him to return to Delhi.

[32] Sometime later, Lodi moved his base to the newly established city of Agra, which was located closer to Gwalior.

[35] In December 1508, Lodi placed Narwar in charge of Raj Singh Kachchwaha, and marched to Lahar (Lahayer) located to the south-east of Gwalior.

As part of a peace treaty, Ibrahim Lodi forced him to surrender Gwalior, and assigned the fief of Shamsabad to him.

Vikramaditya remained loyal to Ibrahim Lodi for the rest of his life, and died fighting beside him at the First Battle of Panipat against Babur.

The Tomaras, led by his relative Dhurmangad (also called Dharmanakat, Mangal Deo, or Mangat Rai) started harassing Tatar Khan, the Lodi-appointed governor of Gwalior.

[42] A 1631 (1688 VS) Sanskrit inscription found at the Rohtas Fort (in present-day Bihar) mentions Viramitra, a Tomara prince of Gopachala (modern Gwalior).

[45] The inscription claims that Viramitra captured the fort from "Sera Shanam", and boasts that this unprecedented conquest astounded the emperor of Delhi.

Archaeologist Hamid Kuraishi, who identified "Sera Shanam" as Sher Shah Suri, doubted the authenticity of this inscription.

However, Devendrakumar Rajaram Patil theorized that this "Sera Shanam" was a local officer called Sher Khan, and Viramitra may have captured this fort as a subordinate of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.