[4] Tongans were historically subject to the White Australia policy.
[5] A Tongan man was deported from Australia in January 1975 because he had entered the country by "posing as a Maori".
A decade later, another Tongan man sued the Australian Department of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs for racial discrimination, alleging the department was targeting Pacific Islanders in its administration of immigration law.
[6] Tongan migrants to Australia have tended to make their homes in the "arrival city" suburbs of Sydney's west.
As of 2011, over 60% of Tongan-born Australians live in the state of New South Wales.