Topological order in solid state systems has been studied in condensed matter physics since the discovery of integer quantum Hall effect.
[7] This was followed by the proposals for analogous quantum spin Hall states of electromagnetic waves that are now known as photonic topological insulators.
Despite the theoretical prediction,[10][11] no experimental demonstration of photonic topological insulator in continuous media has been reported.
As an important figure of merit for characterizing the quantized collective behaviors of the wavefunction, Chern number is the topological invariant of quantum Hall insulators.
The full-wave finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) method based MATLAB program for computing the Chern number has been written.