Toshiro Tezuka (手塚 敏郎, Tezuka Toshirō, July 1, 1873 – October 26, 1933) was a Japanese prosecutor and Head of Civil Affairs Bureau (1918–1922) and 1st Governor (1922–1923) of the South Seas Mandate.
He was born in Takanabe Town, Koyu District, Miyazaki Prefecture .
In 1901 (Meiji 34), he graduated from Tokyo Imperial University Law School and became an assistant judicial officer.
In 1918 ( Taisho 7), he was appointed Chief of Naval Affairs and Chief of the Temporary Civil Affairs Department of the Defense Force of the South Sea Islands, and took charge of the administration of the South Sea Islands .
In 1922 (Taisho 11), when the Temporary South Seas Archipelago Defense Corps was abolished and the Nan'yō Government was established, he was appointed as the first director.