[1] Trần Quốc Vượng is a member of Communist Party of Vietnam, holding a Master of Laws and Advanced Political Theory.

Trần Quốc Vượng was born on 5 February 1953 in An Ninh commune, Tiền Hải District, Thái Bình Province.

In the same month, President Nguyễn Minh Triết decided to appoint him as Standing Deputy Prosecutors General of the Supreme People's Procuracy.

In the first working session, on the morning of 25 July 2007, the Standing Committee of the National Assembly listened to the report summarizing the opinions of the National Assembly members on the expected personnel of the Vice President, The Prime Minister, Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court, and Prosecutor General of the Supreme People's Procuracy, and decided to approve the appointment of Trần Quốc Vượng as Procurator General of the Supreme People's Procuracy, the eighth Procurator General of Vietnam.

On 26 January 2016, Trần Quốc Vượng was elected a member of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam.

On 1 August 2017, Trần Quốc Vượng was assigned to be a Permanent Member of the Party Central Committee's Secretariat while Đinh Thế Huynh went for medical treatment.

[20] On 5 March 2018, the Politburo issued a decision to appoint Trần Quốc Vượng a Permanent member of the CPV Central Committee’s Secretariat, succeeding Đinh Thế Huynh.

On 22 and 23 May 2017, he had a meeting with voters in Trạm Tấu District and Nghĩa Lộ town to report on the results of the third session, the 14th National Assembly.