[1] Thu Vinh started her sports career in 2014 at the Vietnam People's Public Security athletics team, training as a middle distance runner.

After only one year of training, Thu Vinh showed her potential with two gold medals (individual, team) and set a national youth record in the women's 10m air pistol event at the 2018 Vietnam's National Youth Air Pistol Championship.

She competed in the 2022 Asian Games and finished sixth at the women's 10 metre air pistol event.

[4] In 2023, Thu Vinh qualified for the 2024 Summer Olympics after finishing fifth in the 10 metre air pistol event at the 2023 ISSF World Shooting Championships.

[5] At her debut appearance in the Olympic Games, she was ranked 4th in the 10 metre air pistol event, thus missed out the chance to win a medal.