[5] In patients with TBM in one study, the number of longitudinal elastic fibers in the pars of membranacea was reduced throughout the whole trachea.

These tests include the lungs' capability of air intake and outtake, and gas flow of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and environment.

[10] Tracheobronchomalacia is thought to be underdiagnosed as mild cases may be asymptomatic and symptoms are often mistaken for more common respiratory conditions like Asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

After the type is named, the cause must be identified, whether it is from genetics, a trauma accident, or chronic tracheal illness.

If a trauma case or chronic tracheal illnesses were the cause, the first steps of treatment would be to address these underlying issues.

More severe treatments include silicone stenting to prevent tracheal constriction, surgery to strengthen or attempt to rebuild the walls, continuous positive airway pressure[12] that has a machine blow small amounts of air into the trachea to keep it open (mainly at night), or a tracheostomy,[13] which is surgically inserted into the patient's neck that leads to the trachea to help with breathing.

Another form of treatment may include a tracheobronchoplasty which is a specific surgical procedure that helps control the airway by splinting the trachea.