Trail running

They have noticeably thicker outsoles allowing for better traction on the trails and stiffer midsoles for support on uneven and rocky surfaces.

Other features like added heel and toe protection and waterproof technologies are also found in trail shoes.

[5][6] Trail-running gear can vary depending on specific trail and weather conditions but can include wicking garments, water bottles, sunscreen, sunglasses, hats, gaiters, insect repellent spray, headlamps, headphones, and ivy block.

Some trail runners attach lightweight crampons to the bottom of their shoes to aid with traction in the snow and on ice.

[8] Trail running races are organized globally and vary in distance, terrain, and vertical climb.

Additionally, the XTERRA Triathlon is a private off-road series that concludes with a championship each year in Maui.

[12] Most trail races only have a single stage, where competitors are timed over the entire duration of their run, including stops at aid stations.

There are, however, stage races that provide no support apart from water and medical aid, and require competitors to carry all their equipment (food, sleeping bag, change of clothes, compass).

There can be a few reasons for this: narrowness of trails, national parks (where the courses are often set) may limit the number of participants via a permitting process, safety, and environmental concerns.