It runs through five of the six provinces on the island of Java (DI Yogyakarta being the sole exception), connecting the major cities of Jakarta, Cirebon, Semarang, Solo, and Surabaya.

[1] The Trans-Jawa toll network was first conceived in whole in 1995, by President Soeharto as a means to connect both ends of the island to help with distribution and general traffic between the major cities that it runs through.

Trans-Java toll road is part of Asian Highway 2, which extends from Denpasar, Indonesia to Khosravi, Iran.

During the Dutch colonial era, the colonial government ordered Governor-General Herman Willem Daendels to build a road connecting the two major ports of Anyer, part of modern-day Banten and Panarukan in modern-day Situbondo.

The road becomes the main route connecting the major cities of Jakarta, Semarang, and Surabaya, albeit with several deviations, instead of going through the old Preanger cities of Bogor, Cianjur, Bandung, Sumedang, before rejoining the coast in Cirebon, the new road instead follows the northern Java coast and is more commonly known as Pantura (Jalur Pantai Utara, literally meaning North Coast Road) Over the years, this highway gets increasingly congested,[8] the volume of cars using it increases each year, especially during Eid or Christmas seasons.

[9] The congestion is also caused by the fact that the highway is open-access, meaning that everyone, including pedestrians could use this road, not just intercity traffic.

During the presidency of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono formed Badan Pengurus Jalan Tol (lit.

This 116 km is regarded as the most important and long-awaited section along this network,[13] as it finally connects Jakarta and Cirebon and onwards to Central and East Java, significantly cutting travel time between the regions, as it allows travellers to bypass one of the busiest sections between the region along the West Java coast.

The 170 km section, which would connect both Java coast, is currently under construction at a slow pace due to several problems, mainly arising from land ownership.

From 2005 to 2009, Astratel Nusantara (a subsidiary of Astra International) acquired the concession to build and manage this section of the toll road.

[32] With the completion of the W2 section, 53.24 kilometers of toll road between Rorotan and Penjaringan were fully connected.

[34][35][36] The section between Koja and Tanjung Priok Port consists of 5 sub-sections and is predicted to be completed by mid-2015:[37] To reduce traffic jams, trucks with a weight of 5 tonnes and above are not allowed to use the Cawang-Semanggi-Pluit segments from 05:00am to 10:00pm.

The Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road is heavily congested as it connects Jakarta and several of its satellite cities like Bekasi and Karawang.

PT Lippo Cikarang Tbk (IDX:LPCK) and PT Kawasan Industri Jababeka Tbk (IDX:KIJA) constructed a new tollroad gate (Cibatu Gate) at km 34.700 with a 1.5 kilometer access road to their industrial complexes.

PT Jasamarga Jalanlayang Cikampek has the concession and it has formally opened for small vehicles only on December 15, 2019, buses and trucks are not allowed to use it, so at the entrance gates there are portal for it.

[41][42][43] Concession of the 62 kilometers Jakarta–Cikampek II South Toll Road has been got by PT Jasamarga Japek Selatan.

Construction started on December 8, 2011, after eight national and international banks committed to provide funds for the project.

[64] The concession was given to PT Pemalang Batang Toll Road for 39 kilometres (24 mi) for an investment of about Rp 4.0 trillion.

[66] The length of Batang-Semarang Toll Road is 75 kilometres (47 mi) with a cost of Rp 7.21 trillion ($0.8 billion).

Initially the concession was owned by PT Bakrie Toll Road, but in December, 2012, the shares were sold to MNC Group.

[78] The length of the Kertosono–Mojokerto Toll Road is 40.5 kilometres (25.2 mi), divided into 4 sections: The concession is held by PT Marga Harjaya Infrastructure (MHI), whose majority owner (95%) is Astratel Nusantara (a subsidiary of Astra International).

MHI officials suggested that the toll road has not been used because it is too short and that the numbers will increase when the other sections open.

[85] To avoid this problem in the future, there is a plan for a new, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), Porong-Gempol Toll Road.

This toll road extends from Jalan Pangeran Antasari of South Jakarta to Depok.

Groundbreaking for Section-1 (Ciawi-Cigombong), which is 15.35 kilometres (9.54 mi), took place on February 9, 2015; all of the necessary land had been acquired by this time.

Since it opened, this toll road has cut the time of car travel from Jakarta to Bandung to 2 hours.

The toll road will be also functioned as embankment to avoid the sea water inundate the land.

[103] The completion of Trans-Java Toll Road connecting Jakarta and Surabaya in 2018 created a surge of intercity bus services in Indonesia.

During this time, some intercity bus services began operating fleet of double decker busses.

[104] Note: The distance is calculated west-east, while the exit numbers are calculated east-west Note: The distance is measured east-west, while the exit number is measured west-east Northbound Soekarno-Hatta International AirportBuaran IndahBenda Southbound Northbound Soekarno-Hatta International AirportRawa BuayaKalideres Eastbound Westbound Soekarno-Hatta International Airport Tanjung PriokPluit Eastbound Note: Distance is measured from the start of Merak-Jakarta section More info: Jakarta Inner Ring Road Northbound Soekarno-Hatta International Airport Tanjung PriokPluit Southbound Jakarta Inner Ring Road Jatinegara Tanjung PriokKelapa Gading Southbound Jakarta-Bogor-Ciawi Toll Road Note: Distance is measured from the start of Merak-Jakarta section, while exit number is measured from the start of this section Westbound TangerangGrogol Soekarno-Hatta International Airport Northbound Northbound Pondok KelapaBintara Tanjung Priok Southbound Northbound Telaga AsihCibitungCilincing Southbound Ahmad Yani International AirportKrapyak Southbound (Semarang Toll Road) Note: Distance is measured from the start of Merak-Jakarta section, while exit number is measured from the start of this section