Under a monopoly agreement, it is fully managed and partially owned by Russian Railways for a ten year contract from 2009–2019.

Abkhazia's fertile land and abundance of agricultural products, including tea, tobacco, wine and fruits (especially tangerines), have secured a relative stability in the sector.

Inguri generation capacity is frequently insufficient due to low water levels and its poor technical state, so for years the Abkhazian grid was supplemented by Russia at a discount price, which was discontinued in late 2024 after the Abkhazian parliament refused to sign an agreement that would allow Russia to buy land in the republic.

Abkhazia's main trading partners were Russia (64%), Turkey (18%), the Baltic states (5%), Moldova (2%), Germany (2%), Ukraine (1%) and China (1%).

The government of Georgia warned against such actions, however,[11] and threatened to ask foreign banks to close the accounts of Russian companies and of individuals buying assets in Abkhazia.

[14] The European Union has allocated more than €20 million to Abkhazia since 1997 for various humanitarian projects, including the support of civil society, economic rehabilitation, help to the most vulnerable households and confidence-building measures.

[16] In 2024 Abkhazian parliament rejected an agreement that would allow Russian investors to buy out land in the republic, which led to a political crisis as Russia has cut subsidised electricity and pensions payments.