The most common oral locations are on the tongue and near the mental foramen of the mouth.

[3] An essential step in the formation of a traumatic neuroma is injury to the perineurium.

If the perineurium is compromised, the axons may escape into the extraperineural space and arborize in an unregulated fashion.

[8] TMR involves the transfer of proximal nerve stumps to nearby muscle and was originally developed to improve prosthetic control.

A newer, related technique is taking a muscle graft and moving it to the divided end of the peripheral nerve, called a regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI).