The treaty allowed the Native Americans to remain in Florida for twenty years, and specified support to be given by the United States government to the reservation resident.

The government waited less than ten years before forcing the Treaty of Payne's Landing on the Native Americans in Florida, requiring them to move west of the Mississippi River.

[b] Various groups and bands of Muskogean-speakers (called Creek Indians by the British[c], Yamasees and Yuchis moved into the area, often with the encouragement of the Spanish colonial government.

The prospect of Andrew Jackson returning with another army hovered over the scene, and from Tennessee he wrote the federal government with unsolicited advice on the matter (use troops from the Fourth U.S. Infantry Regiment at Pensacola to intimidate the Native Americans).

Under the terms of the treaty negotiated there, the Native Americans were forced to place themselves under the protection of the United States and to give up all claim to lands in Florida, in exchange for a reservation of about four million acres (16,000 km²).

In turn, the Seminoles had to allow roads to be built across the reservation and had to apprehend any runaway slaves or other fugitives and return them to United States jurisdiction.

Thomas Loraine McKenney, United States Superintendent of Indian Affairs, ordered in 1827 that the overexpenditure be made up from the contingency fund, from which the salaries of officials connected to the reservation were paid, and the subagent, blacksmith, and interpreter all resigned whether than take a cut in pay.

[17] In 1832, James Gadsden was appointed special agent to negotiate with the Native Americans in Florida the terms of their removal to west of the Mississippi, resulting in the Treaty of Payne's Creek.