Treaty of Neuberg

Rudolf, an energetic monarch struggling with the rivalling Wittelsbach and Luxembourg dynasties, immediately elevated himself to an Austrian archduke by the Privilegium Maius.

In 1363 he acquired the County of Tyrol from the last Meinhardiner countess Margaret and the next year added "Duke of Carniola" to his titles.

On 9 September 1379 a partition treaty was signed in Neuberg Abbey in Styria: Regardless of their territories, all Habsburg rulers would retain the Austrian archducal title.

Under Leopold's sons, the Leopoldian possessions were further subdivided into Inner Austria (i.e. Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, and Littoral) and 'Upper Austria' [de] (not to be confused with the present-day Austrian federal state), comprising Tyrol and the Further Austrian lands, from 1406 ruled by Leopold's youngest son Duke Frederick IV.

The split between the Albertinian and Leopoldinian lines of the Habsburg family and the Austrian lands enfeebled the dynasty's position.