Both summer sunburn and winter sun scald can cause the tree's bark to crack or die, resulting in additional stress which is compounded by insects and parasites that enter the barkless wood, an invasion that will ultimately shorten the tree's life.
For example, neem oil has been used by Indian farmers for thousands of years as a natural insect repellent and insecticide.
[citation needed] Castor oil, derived from the castor tree seed, gives a coated surface an unpleasant taste to rodents, such as rats, moles, voles, and gophers that may otherwise gnaw on the tree's bark.
[4] Studies have shown that wound dressing must be applied immediately after damage or pruning.
An organic tree paint can be made; it is similar to a brushable mud.