Trellis (graph)

The earliest and latest times in the trellis have only one node (hence the "almost" in the preceding sentence).

Trellises are used in encoders and decoders for communication theory and encryption.

They are also the central datatype used in Baum–Welch algorithm or the Viterbi Algorithm[1] for Hidden Markov Models.

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Convolutional code trellis diagram