The technique has many advantages and some disadvantages, largely depending on the licks the guitarist is attempting to play.
At very high tempos, alternate picking is essentially required, since techniques like downpicking are made not feasible.
Similarly, the complex, syncopated rhythm guitar patterns found in death metal require a good alternate picking technique to play fast and accurately.
Despite some of the well-known disadvantages of the technique, some guitarists (such as Al Di Meola, Steve Morse) emphasize the near-exclusive use of alternate picking, even in situations where another technique would be easier, claiming that pure alternate picking leads to a more consistent sound and allows for greater control of tone.
Victor Wooten uses his thumb for alternate picking, as displayed on his DVD Super Bass Solo Technique.